Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Brief Reports

JYNNEOS vaccine safety monitoring in the Republic of Korea, 2022: a cross-sectional study: Jaeeun Lee, Seunghyun Lewis Kwon, Jinhee Park, Hyuna Bae, Hyerim Lee, Geun-Yong Kwon; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(5):433-438. Published online October 18, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0182

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Objectives
With the recent global mpox outbreak, the JYNNEOS vaccine (Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic) was developed as a third-generation smallpox vaccine and initially favored for mpox immunization. Vaccine-associated side effects contribute to vaccine hesitancy. Consequently, tracking adverse events post-immunization is crucial for safety management. This study used data from the national active vaccine safety surveillance conducted in Korea from August 25 to November 24, 2022 to detect potential safety signals and adverse events. Methods: Data on health conditions following vaccination were gathered from web-based surveys and reported via active surveillance through the Immunization Registry Information System. This follow-up system functioned via a text message link, surveying adverse events and health conditions beginning on the second day post-vaccination. Information about specific adverse events, including both local and systemic reactions, was collected. Results: The study included 86 healthcare workers who had received at least 1 dose of the JYNNEOS vaccine. Among the respondents, 79.1% reported experiencing at least 1 adverse event, with the majority being local reactions at the injection site. The incidence of adverse events was higher following the first dose (67.9%) than after the second dose (34.4%). The most frequently reported adverse event for both doses was mild pain at the injection site. Conclusion: The study provides crucial information on the safety of the JYNNEOS vaccine, demonstrating that most adverse events were manageable and predominantly localized to the injection site. Nonetheless, additional research is needed on the safety of various vaccine administration techniques and the vaccine’s effects on broader demographics.

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Adverse Reactions After Intradermal Vaccination With JYNNEOS for Mpox in Korea
So Yun Lim, Yu Mi Jung, Yeonjae Kim, Gayeon Kim, Jaehyun Jeon, BumSik Chin, Min-Kyung Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Imported Melioidosis in South Korea: A Case Series with a Literature Review: Seung Woo Kim, Geun-Yong Kwon, Bongyoung Kim, Donghyok Kwon, Jaeseung Shin, Geun-Ryang Bae; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(6):363-368. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.10.014

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Melioidosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the environmental anaerobic Gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis is endemic to areas of northern Australia and Southeast Asia. With increasing international travel and migration, imported cases of melioidosis are being reported regularly. Here, we summarize the 11 cases of melioidosis reported in South Korea from 2003 to 2014.
Methods
Tracing epidemiological investigations were performed on every patient reported to the National Surveillance System since 2011. A systematic literature search was performed to identify melioidosis cases that occurred prior to 2011.
Results
The overall fatality rate was 36.4%. All the patients had visited Southeast Asia where melioidosis is endemic. The stay in the endemic region ranged from 4 days to 20 years. Of the seven patients who developed initial symptoms after returning to South Korea, the time interval between returning to South Korea and symptom onset ranged from 1 day to 3 years. The remaining four patients developed symptoms during their stay in the endemic region and were diagnosed with melioidosis in South Korea. Seven (63.6%) patients possessed at least one risk factor, all of whom were diabetic. Pneumonia was the most frequent clinical manifestation, but the patients showed a wide spectrum of clinical features, including internal organ abscesses, a mycotic aneurysm of the aorta, and coinfection with tuberculosis.
Conclusion
An early diagnosis and initiation of the appropriate antibiotics can reduce the mortality of melioidosis. Consequently, increased awareness of the risk factors and clinical features of melioidosis is required.

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An overview of the study designs and statistical methods used in the determination of predictors of melioidosis mortality in Malaysia: 2010-2021
Kamaruddin Mardhiah, Othman Nursyahiyatul-Anis
Pedagogical Research.2024; 9(3): em0205. CrossRef
Epidemiological Aspects of Imported Melioidosis in Korea and Japan, 2011 to 2020
Myeong-Jin Lee, Kyu Sung Kim, Won-Chang Lee, Young Hwan Kwon
The Korean Journal of Aerospace and Environmental .2023; 33(1): 32. CrossRef
The Cox model of predicting mortality among melioidosis patients in Northern Malaysia
Kamaruddin Mardhiah, Nadiah Wan-Arfah, Nyi Nyi Naing, Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan, Huan-Keat Chan
Medicine.2021; 100(25): e26160. CrossRef
Tuberculosis and Melioidosis at Distinct Sites Occurring Simultaneously
Seow Yen Tan
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef
Burkholderia pseudomallei pathogenesis and survival in different niches
Chee-Hoo Yip, Ahmad-Kamal Ghazali, Sheila Nathan
Biochemical Society Transactions.2020; 48(2): 569. CrossRef
Mycotic aneurysm secondary to melioidosis in China: A series of eight cases and a review of literature
Hua Wu, Xuming Wang, Xiaojun Zhou, Zhicheng Wu, Yanyan Wang, Mengjie Pan, Binghuai Lu, Susanna Jane Dunachie
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(8): e0008525. CrossRef
Fatal deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism secondary to melioidosis in China: case report and literature review
Hua Wu, Dongliang Huang, Biao Wu, Mengjie Pan, Binghuai Lu
BMC Infectious Diseases.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Melioidosis in the Philippines
Peter San Martin, Joseph Chua, Ralph Bautista, Jennifer Nailes, Mario Panaligan, David Dance
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2018; 3(3): 99. CrossRef
Clinical and Imaging Findings of Musculoskeletal Melioidosis in the Right Hip: A Case Report
Myung Hyun Kim, Tong Jin Chun
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2018; 78(3): 212. CrossRef
Draft Genome Sequence of the First South Korean Clinical Isolate of Burkholderia pseudomallei, H0901
Yong-Woo Shin, Myung-Min Choi, Jeong-Hoon Chun, Jae-Yon Yu, Dae-Won Kim, Gi-eun Rhie
Genome Announcements.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Accidental Occupational Exposure to Burkholderia pseudomallei in South Korea Did Not Result in Melioidosis
Jae-Bum Jun, Taehoon Lee, Joseph Jeong, Jeong-Hoon Chun, Yong-Woo Shin, Jiwon Jung
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.2017; 38(7): 886. CrossRef
Molecular detection of leptospirosis and melioidosis co-infection: A case report
Mohammad R. Mohd Ali, Amira W. Mohamad Safiee, Padmaloseni Thangarajah, Mohd H. Fauzi, Alwi Muhd Besari, Nabilah Ismail, Chan Yean Yean
Journal of Infection and Public Health.2017; 10(6): 894. CrossRef

Original Articles

Results of Tuberculosis Contact Investigation in Congregate Settings in Korea, 2013: Yunhyung Kwon, So Jung Kim, Jieun Kim, Seol-yi Kim, Eun Mi Song, Eun Jung Lee, Yun Choi, Yejin Kim, Byoung ok Lim, Da Sul Kim, Duksun Choi, Hye Sung Kim, Ji Eun Park, Ji-eun Yun, Jin A. Park, Jong Rak Jung, Joo-kyoung Kim, Sang Hee Kang, Seo Yean Hong, Seung Jae Lee, Soo Jin Park, Sun Hwa Park, Sunhye Yoon, Yoonsun Kim, Yunjeong Choi, Yun Jeong Seo, Yul A Seo, Jiseon Park, Minhee Sung, Minjang Shin, Hyunjin Son, Yeonkyeng Lee, Unyeong Go, Geun-Yong Kwon; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(Suppl):S30-S36. Published online December 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.10.010

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study aimed to check the status of the contact investigation in congregate settings to eradicate tuberculosis (TB) in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
The “Integrated System for Disease and Public Health Management” is used for care and follow-up for patients and contacts of TB. We downloaded data for contact investigations conducted from January to December 2013.
Results
A total of 1,200 contact investigations in congregate settings were carried out by 25 field investigators in 2013. We performed the status of contact investigation, TB, and LTBI rate by age, accept rate of LTBI treatment, and complete rate of LTBI treatment during 2013. A total of 1,547 index TB patients, 149,166 contacts, and 259 additional TB patients were found through the investigation. Kindergartens showed the highest LTBI rate, 19.8%, among educational facilities. The second highest was in elementary schools and the subtotal LTBI rate of educational facilities was 7.8%. Social welfare/correctional facilities and workplaces showed relatively high LTBI rates of 23.8% and 23.6%, respectively. By age, individuals >35 years showed the highest LTBI rate, followed by those aged 0–4 years, 30–34 years, and 5–9 years, with rates of 18.1%, 16.4%, and 15.4% respectively. When comparing the tuberculin skin test (TST) positive conversion ratio by facility, middle school and high school were relatively high compared to the others. The accept rate of LTBI treatment in the workplace was lowest at 63% and the complete rate in elementary schools was lowest at 76.5%.
Conclusion
TB contact investigation is considered as a meaningful strategy for preventing TB outbreaks in congregate settings and decreasing the prevalence of TB in young people. Results of this study could be used to establish the LTBI management policy.

Citations

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Latent Tuberculosis Cascade of Care Among Healthcare Workers: A Nationwide Cohort Analysis in Korea Between 2017 and 2018
Jinsoo Min, Hyung Woo Kim, Joon Young Choi, Ah Young Shin, Ji Young Kang, Yunhee Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong, Hyunsuk Jeong, Sanghyuk Bae, Hyeon-Kyoung Koo, Sung-Soon Lee, Jae Seuk Park, Hyeon Woo Yim, Ju Sang Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk of active tuberculosis development in contacts exposed to infectious tuberculosis in congregate settings in Korea
Shin Young Park, Sunmi Han, Young-Man Kim, Jieun Kim, Sodam Lee, Jiyeon Yang, Un-Na Kim, Mi-sun Park
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The risk of active tuberculosis among individuals living in tuberculosis-affected households in the Republic of Korea, 2015
Jiyeon Yang, Sodam Lee, Suhyeon Oh, Sunmi Han, Shin Young Park, Youngman Kim, Jieun Kim, Mi-sun Park, Philip C. Hill
PLOS ONE.2019; 14(12): e0225744. CrossRef
The Infectivity of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Korean Army Units: Evidence from Outbreak Investigations
Chang-gyo Yoon, Dong Yoon Kang, Jaehun Jung, Soo Yon Oh, Jin Beom Lee, Mi-Hyun Kim, Younsuk Seo, Hee-Jin Kim
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2019; 82(4): 298. CrossRef
Tuberculosis prevention and care in Korea: Evolution of policy and practice
Unyeong Go, Misun Park, Un-Na Kim, Sodam Lee, Sunmi Han, Joosun Lee, Jiyeon Yang, Jieun Kim, Shinyoung Park, Youngman Kim, Hyosoon Yoo, Jeongok Cha, Wonseo Park, Haeyoung Kang, Hwon Kim, Guri Park, Minjung Kim, Ok Park, Hyunjin Son, Enhi Cho, Kyoungin Na,
Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobac.2018; 11: 28. CrossRef
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Health Care Workers Working in a Tertiary Hospital in South Korea
Jae Seuk Park
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2018; 81(4): 274. CrossRef

Emerging Pathogens and Vehicles of Food- and Water-borne Disease Outbreaks in Korea, 2007–2012: Shinje Moon, Il-Woong Sohn, Yeongseon Hong, Hyungmin Lee, Ji-Hyuk Park, Geun-Yong Kwon, Sangwon Lee, Seung-Ki Youn; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(1):34-39. Published online February 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.12.004

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Food- and water-borne disease outbreaks (FBDOs) are an important public health problem worldwide. This study investigated the trends in FBDOs in Korea and established emerging causal pathogens and causal vehicles.
Methods
We analyzed FBDOs in Korea by year, location, causal pathogens, and causal vehicles from 2007 to 2012. Information was collected from the FBDOs database in the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Results
During 2007–2012, a total of 1794 FBDOs and 48,897 patients were reported. After 2007, FBDOs and patient numbers steadily decreased over the next 2 years and then plateaued until 2011. However, in 2012, FBDOs increased slightly accompanied by a large increase in the number of affected patients. Our results highlight the emergence of norovirus and pathogenic Escherichia coli other than enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) in schools in 2012. We found that pickled vegetables is an emerging causal vehicle responsible for this problem.
Conclusion
On the basis of this study we recommend intensified inspections of pickled vegetable manufacturers and the strengthening of laboratory surveillance of relevant pathogens.

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Pathogens and Disease.2016; 74(4): ftw032. CrossRef
An outbreak of norovirus infection associated with fermented oyster consumption in South Korea, 2013
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Brief Report

Epidemic Intelligence Service Officers and Field Epidemiology Training Program in Korea: Geun-Yong Kwon, Shinje Moon, Wooseok Kwak, Jin Gwack, Chaeshin Chu, Seung-Ki Youn; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2013;4(4):215-221. Published online August 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.07.001

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Abstract PDF

Korea has adopted Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) officers through the Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) since 1999 for systematic control of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Graduates of medical schools in Korea are selected and serve as public health doctors (PHDs) for their mandatory military service. The duration of service is 3 years and PHDs comprise general practitioners and specialists. Some PHDs are selected as EIS officers with 3 weeks basic FETP training and work for central and provincial public health authorities to conduct epidemiological investigations. The total number of EIS officers is 31 as of 2012. The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) has 12 specialists, whereas specialists and each province has one or two EIS officers to administer local epidemiological investigations in 253 public health centers. The Korean EIS officers have successfully responded and prevented infectious diseases, but there is a unique limitation: the number of PHDs in Korea is decreasing and PHDs are not allowed to stay outside Korea, which makes it difficult to cope with overseas infectious diseases. Furthermore, after 3 years service, they quit and their experiences are not accumulated. KCDC has hired full-time EIS officers since 2012 to overcome this limitation.

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